"Electric head, motor-operated valve, electric actuator, modulating damper — how do these names actually differ?" One of the most frequent newcomer questions in the power plant community; the related threads collected nearly a hundred replies. The terminology does carry historical confusion — here is the consensus, organized as five Q&As.

Q1: Are "electric head" and "motor-operated valve" the same thing?

No. The consensus:

- Electric head = the electric actuator itself (motor + gearing + control), not including the valve body in the pipe;

- Motor-operated valve (MOV) = electric head + valve body as a complete unit — "an MOV generally means the combination of the actuator and the valve."

Maintenance boundaries follow the same logic: in plants, the electric head belongs to I&C maintenance, the valve body and stem to mechanical maintenance.

Q2: What is the difference between "electric device" (电动装置) and "electric actuator"? And what are DZW, DKJ, DKZ?

The model naming carries the answer:

- Electric device (ZKJ/DZW etc.) = on/off (two-position) type: only open, close (sometimes stop), caring about the two end states;

- Electric actuator = modulating type: accepts a 4–20 mA command and can position the valve at any opening from 0 to 100%;

- Models: DZW is the classic multi-turn on/off electric device; DKJ is a quarter-turn (rotary) modulating actuator; DKZ is a linear-stroke modulating actuator.

In one line: a DZW valve is asked "did you reach the end position?", a DKJ/DKZ is asked "what is your opening in percent?"

Q3: DO-driven actuator vs. MOV — and what about AO?

A widely liked explainer put it clearly:

- An MOV (gate/globe type) is fully open or fully closed; its position signal is often accumulated by a counter; what matters is "at position or not";

- A modulating actuator carries a continuous position feedback signal — whether driven by DO or AO, the feedback spans 0–100%, typically produced by a cam driving the position-feedback element;

- The boundary is not absolute, though: peers corrected that "DO-driven units can also have analog feedback" — checking whether the device has continuous position feedback is more reliable than looking at whether the command is DO or AO.

Q4: Can an MOV modulate by itself? If flow drops, will it close a bit on its own?

No. An MOV is two-position: full open, full close (sometimes an intermediate stop), never automatic modulation. To get "flow drops → valve closes a little automatically" you need:

- a modulating actuator (accepting 4–20 mA, with position feedback), and

- a controller/DCS loop issuing the command — the actuator is only the hands; the decision lives in the control system.

Q5: Then why do modulating duties so often use pneumatics instead of electricity?

Field explanations from peers:

- Modulating duty means frequent back-and-forth strokes; contactors (or solid-state relays) in electric actuators cycle constantly, shortening their life;

- Mechanical play and inertia in electric gearing make response slow — "hard to hold one point";

- Pneumatic actuators are fast and make fail-safe positions easy (air-to-open/air-to-close), so frequently modulating duties traditionally go pneumatic, while electric units serve on/off duty and infrequently modulating positions.

One comparison table

Lessons

The names are historically messy but the substance is clear: two-position vs. continuous separates MOV from actuator; the presence of continuous position feedback separates on/off from modulating; "head + body" explains the combination. Align the vocabulary with mechanical and operations colleagues first, and most arguments evaporate.